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Welcome
to Theories and Approaches, a designated space to describe
the thinking behind the development of adolescent pregnancy prevention
strategies, activities and programs.
In this
section, users will find definitions and rationales behind common theories
(i.e. social cognitive theory, stages of change theory) and approaches
(i.e male involvement, service learning, youth development) used in developing
adolescent pregnancy prevention programs. Also included are descriptions
of real programs using specific theories and approaches as well as practical
steps for incorporating different theories and approaches into programs.
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Adolescent
Development
by Kathryn Pierno
Includes: an overview of adolescent development — key features
and major questions facing adolescents; a comparison of three developmental
theories — Freud's, Erikson's, and Piaget's; a discussion of
the physical, cognitive, emotional, social, and behavioral aspects
of adolescent development; relevant questions for those working with
teens; and references.
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BDI
Logic Model
by Doug Kirby, ETR Associates
The
Behavior - Determinant - Intervention (BDI) logic model is a useful
tool for designing, strengthening and evaluating programs to reduce
adolescent sexual risk-taking, pregnancy, HIV and other STDS.
(PDF: 440K/ 51 pages)
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Characteristics
of Effective Programs
"Sex
and HIV Education Programs for Youth: Their Impact and Important
Characteristics" by Doug Kirby, PhD, B.A. Laris, MPH
and Lori Rolleri, MSW, MPH, May 2006.
This 2006 paper discusses 17 characteristics of effective sex and
HIV educational programs for youth, based on a review of 83 studies
of programs in both developed and developing countries.
Tool
to Assess the Characteristics of Effective Sex and STD/HIV
Education Programs (TAC) by Doug Kirby, PhD and Lori Rolleri,
MSW, MPH, February 2007.
Based on the above report, this tool is designed to assess, select,
improve or design a sex or STD/HIV education program. ETR and Healthy
Teen Network have designed a one-day training to provide an overview
of the characteristics and guidance on using the TAC. For more
information about the training, contact Healthy
Teen Network. A color print copy of the TAC is also available
at Healthy Teen Network for $20, which covers shipping costs.
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The
Health Belief Model (HBM) — definition and rationale,
background information, how to apply, challenges and considerations,
resources.
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International
Girls Development — an introduction and background
information on international girls development and an overview of
model programs in Bangladesh, Brazil, and Philippines. Recommended
strategies and references are also included.
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Male Involvement and Adolescent Pregnancy
Prevention
by Robert Becker, ReCAPP Consultant
(PDF: 351K / 16 pages)
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Peer
Education in Teen Pregnancy Prevention
by Nicole Lezin, ReCAPP Consultant
Includes: background information on peer education — definition,
rationale and effectiveness; characteristics of effective peer education
programs; challenges and benefits of peer education; case study of
peer educator training curriculum; resources; sample program and evaluation
forms; and more.
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Program
Evaluation Basics
Information and links to information on planning and evaluating
health education programs. Includes: slide show presentation with
information on impact, outcome and process evaluation, constructing
good evaluation tools, and more; sample focus group protocols; sample
questionnaires and permission forms; facilitator guidelines; resources;
and more. |
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Service
Learning and its impact on pregnancy prevention, including
an example of a service learning program — Teen Outreach Program
(TOP)
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Sexual
Risk and Protective Factors:
Factors Affecting Teen Sexual Behavior, Pregnancy, Childbearing,
and Sexually Transmitted Disease
An analysis by Douglas Kirby, Ph.D. and Gina Lepore, B.A.
This newly updated paper provides an exhaustive analysis of the
more than 400 factors that can affect teen sexual behavior. (Updated
11/07)
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Social
Learning Theories — what they are and how to apply
them to sexuality education
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The Stages of Change Model
by Nicole Lezin, ReCAPP Consultant
The Stages of Change model recognizes that behavior change is a complex
process, that individuals trying to change unhealthy behavior are
in different stages of that process, and that relapse is not failure
but a learning opportunity. It can be a useful model for health educators
and others seeking behavior change because it helps them tailor health
messages and interventions to specific individuals and groups according
to the stages of change they are in.
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Theory
of Reasoned Action (TRA)
by Nicole Lezin, ReCAPP Consultant
The Theory of Reason Action has been used to explain and predict many
different health behaviors ranging from smoking to seat belt use.
It is particularly relevant to sexuality education because it focuses
on beliefs and values which strongly influence the decisions young
people make about their sexual behavior. Includes: an introduction
and definitions, key concepts, information on how TRA was developed,
relevant research studies, resources and more. |
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Using
Research to Improve Practice
Information on how to interpret research on adolescent reproductive
health and use this research to improve or strengthen programs. Includes
a slide presentation, worksheets, an assessment form, sample profiles,
links, and more.
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Youth Development and Adolescent
Pregnancy Prevention
by Nicole Lezin, ReCAPP Consultant
(PDF: 325K / 15 pages)
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Youth
Mentoring
by Mark Fulop
Includes: an introduction; information about the four dimensions of
designing a mentor program; what we know about youth mentoring; mentoring
and pregnancy prevention; case studies; implications for practice;
advice on how to get started with your own mentoring program; web,
book and other resources; and references.
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